PSG has now won the season-opening trophy on 14 different occasions.
Paris Saint-Germain required a dramatic leveler followed by a perfect spot-kick decider to overcome their arch-rivals in Kuwait and secure a record-extending fourth consecutive French Super Cup victory.
The European champions seemed to be coasting towards a straightforward triumph in the showdown featuring the French league champions and the Coupe de France holders after Ousmane Dembele opened the scoring in the opening stages.
However, the southern French side fired two times in the closing moments to take a surprise lead. Initially, Mason Greenwood converted from the spot-kick, before the defender inadvertently turned the ball into his own net for an own-goal.
In a breathtaking twist of events, the Portuguese striker grabbed a vital leveler in the dying seconds to send the contest into a deciding shootout. PSG goalkeeper Lucas Chevalier then emerged as the hero, stopping crucial kicks from Matt O'Riley and Traore.
In the shootout, Ramos, Vitinha, the full-back, and Desire Doue all scored with composure for Paris Saint-Germain to complete a 4-1 shootout win.
The record champions Paris Saint-Germain, who faced last season's Ligue 1 second-placed team Olympique de Marseille after achieving a league and cup double, have now won this competition for the 12th time in the last 13 seasons.